{"id":2905,"date":"2020-08-12T09:31:00","date_gmt":"2020-08-12T13:31:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.guides-sports-loisirs.ca\/aires-glissade\/?page_id=2905"},"modified":"2021-10-07T15:46:54","modified_gmt":"2021-10-07T19:46:54","slug":"le-manteau-neigeux","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.guides-sports-loisirs.ca\/aires-glissade\/nivologie\/le-manteau-neigeux\/","title":{"rendered":"Le manteau neigeux"},"content":{"rendered":"

[vc_row][vc_column width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/1″][vc_column_text]Le manteau neigeux constitue le support des pistes, lieu d\u2019intervention principal des op\u00e9rations de montage et d\u2019entretien des aires de glissade. Les m\u00e9tamorphoses internes des strates horizontales composant un couvert de neige tendent vers une stabilisation de ce dernier par des transformations graduelles des cristaux de neige<\/em><\/strong>. Ces m\u00e9tamorphoses sont caus\u00e9es principalement par les \u00e9changes thermiques entre les diff\u00e9rentes couches du manteau neigeux, l\u2019atmosph\u00e8re et le sol.[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text border_color=\u00a0\u00bbaccent\u00a0\u00bb border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb css=\u00a0\u00bb.vc_custom_1633636013124{margin-top: 30px !important;margin-bottom: 30px !important;padding-top: 20px !important;padding-right: 20px !important;padding-bottom: 20px !important;padding-left: 20px !important;}\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n

En savoir plus\u2026<\/h3>\n

En r\u00e8gle g\u00e9n\u00e9rale, le manteau neigeux se stabilise sous les effets des transferts thermiques \u00e0 travers les couches engendrant la coh\u00e9sion des grains de neige entre eux. Cette coh\u00e9sion se d\u00e9cline en quatre principaux types :<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. La coh\u00e9sion de feutrage<\/strong><\/em> est observable dans la neige fra\u00eeche o\u00f9 les cristaux de neige s\u2019agrippent les uns aux autres par leurs ramifications dendritiques. Ces liens sont tr\u00e8s fragiles et se brisent facilement sous l\u2019effet du vent ou des pas qui s\u2019enfoncent.<\/li>\n
  2. La coh\u00e9sion de frittage<\/strong><\/em> concerne les grains fins et les particules reconnaissables (formes particuli\u00e8res recens\u00e9es et class\u00e9es) li\u00e9s par des ponts de glace issus de la vapeur d\u2019eau pr\u00e9sente dans la neige. La masse volumique de cette neige passe progressivement de 80 \u00e0 100 kg au m3 pour la neige fra\u00eeche, de 180 \u00e0 200 kg au m3 pour les particules reconnaissables, puis de 250 \u00e0 300 kg au m3 pour les grains fins o\u00f9 il y a prise de coh\u00e9sion entres ces grains par la formation des ponts de glace. Le frittage repr\u00e9sente la coh\u00e9sion la plus stable du manteau neigeux.<\/li>\n
  3. La coh\u00e9sion capillaire<\/strong><\/em> est issue d\u2019une pellicule d\u2019eau entourant tous les types de grains, mais s\u2019observant surtout autour des grains ronds entrant dans la composition de la neige humide. Un taux d\u2019humidit\u00e9 faible \u00e0 mod\u00e9r\u00e9 dans la neige se traduit par une bonne coh\u00e9sion, mais l\u2019augmentation du taux d\u2019humidit\u00e9 (>4 %) la r\u00e9duit consid\u00e9rablement. Ce ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne peut s\u2019appliquer \u00e0 tous les types de neige, mais elle est typique des grains ronds.<\/li>\n
  4. La coh\u00e9sion de regel<\/em><\/strong> se produit quand les grains ronds de faible dimension se soudent entre eux par la solidification de l\u2019eau liquide pr\u00e9sente entre les grains. Ce type de coh\u00e9sion est le plus solide.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

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